Journal: Cardiovascular Research

Article Title: Antisense-mediated regulation of exon usage in the elastic spring region of Titin modulates sarcomere function

doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvaf037

Figure Lengend Snippet: TTN-AS1-276 regulates inclusion of I-band exons in TTN . ( A ) Per cent spliced in (PSI) for all exons across the TTN gene calculated based on RNA-sequencing reads from human iPS-derived cardiomyocytes (IPS-CM). The line represents the mean of three replicates (individual RNA preparations) per experimental group. ( B ) The difference in PSI (ΔPSI) comparing cells transfected with siRNA to TTN-AS1-276 (si276-Ex1) with cells transfected with scrambled negative control siRNA (siScr). Exons with statistically significant ΔPSI are marked with red bars (adjusted P < 0.05). ( C ) Depiction of exon skipping from TTN exon 49. ( D ) Quantification of TTN splice products in iPS-CM transfected with si276-Ex1, si276-Ex12, siRBM20 or siScr, using custom qRT–PCR assays spanning the indicated exon–exon junctions. Expression data are normalized to that of total TTN and expressed relative to the mean of the negative control cells (siScr). Data are derived from two separate experiments with 3–6 replicates (individual RNA preparations) per experimental group. Differences between each individual experimental group and the control group were assessed with Student’s t -tests, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: For knockdown experiments, cells were transfected with Silencer Select siRNA (ThermoFisher) directed towards exon 1 (si276-Ex1, #n294437) or exon 12 (si276-Ex12, custom design ID #ABRSBMG) of TTN-AS1-276, towards RBM20 (ENST00000369519.4, #s49081) or with a scrambled negative control siRNA sequence (#4390843).

Techniques: RNA Sequencing, Derivative Assay, Transfection, Negative Control, Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing, Control

Journal: Cardiovascular Research

Article Title: Antisense-mediated regulation of exon usage in the elastic spring region of Titin modulates sarcomere function

doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvaf037

Figure Lengend Snippet: TTN-AS1-276 facilitates interaction between RBM20 and TTN mRNA. ( A – C ) Human iPS-derived cardiomyocytes (iPS-CM) were subjected to combined RNA in situ hybridization (ISH) for TTN-AS1-276 (magenta) and TTN (orange) and immunofluorescence for RBM20 (green) following transfection with siRNA towards TTN-AS1-276 (si276-Ex1), RBM20 (siRBM20), or scrambled negative control siRNA (siScr). Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI. Co-localization of TTN and RBM20 foci was analysed with high content imaging. ( D ) Depiction of experimental design for the RBM20 RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) experiment. iPS-CM was transfected with a plasmid expressing a RBM20-GFP fusion protein. RIP was performed on iPS-CM protein using a GFP antibody and qRT–PCR was used to analyse immunoprecipitated RNA. ( E ) Enrichment of TTN and TTN-AS1-276 in GFP-RBM20 RIP RNA from iPS-CM transfected with si276-Ex1 or siScr, analysed with qRT–PCR. Analysis of unrelated GAPDH RNA was included as a negative control. Data are derived from two separate experiments with two technical replicates (individual immunoprecipitates) in each group * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01. ( F ) The number of TCTT motifs/60 bp across intron 49 of TTN . The positions of RIP-qPCR assays used in ( G ) are indicated with dashed lines. ( G ) qPCR of GFP-RBM20 RIP RNA from ( E ) using assays targeting regions in intron 49 without TCTT motifs (‘In49 5p’) and enriched with TCTT motifs (‘In49 TCTT’). Data are derived from two separate experiments with two technical replicates (individual immunoprecipitates) in each group. Differences in the RIP signal between cells transfected within and between groups were assessed using ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01.

Article Snippet: For knockdown experiments, cells were transfected with Silencer Select siRNA (ThermoFisher) directed towards exon 1 (si276-Ex1, #n294437) or exon 12 (si276-Ex12, custom design ID #ABRSBMG) of TTN-AS1-276, towards RBM20 (ENST00000369519.4, #s49081) or with a scrambled negative control siRNA sequence (#4390843).

Techniques: Derivative Assay, RNA In Situ Hybridization, Immunofluorescence, Transfection, Negative Control, Imaging, RNA Immunoprecipitation, Plasmid Preparation, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Immunoprecipitation

Journal: Cardiovascular Research

Article Title: Antisense-mediated regulation of exon usage in the elastic spring region of Titin modulates sarcomere function

doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvaf037

Figure Lengend Snippet: TTN-AS1-276 facilitates splicing of additional RBM20 targets. ( A – C ) Difference in PSI (ΔPSI) comparing cells transfected with siRNA to TTN-AS1-276 (si276-Ex1, blue) or RBM20 (siRBM20, red) with cells transfected with scrambled negative control siRNA (siScr) across all exons of the ( A ) CACNA1C , ( B ) LMO7 , and ( C ) CAMK2D genes in human iPS-derived cardiomyocytes (iPS-CM). The lines represent the mean of three technical replicates (individual RNA preparations). ( D – F ) Relative expression of alternative splice products of the ( D ) CACNA1C , ( E ) LMO7 , and ( F ) CAMK2D genes in iPS-CM transfected with siRBM20, si276-Ex1 or siScr and analysed with qRT–PCR ( CACNA1C and LMO7 ) and semi-quantitative RT–PCR ( CAMK2D ), respectively. Data are derived from three separate experiments with three technical replicates (individual RNA preparations) in each group. Differences between each individual experimental group and the control group were assessed with Student’s t -tests, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001. ( G ) Enrichment of CACNA1C , LMO7 , and CAMK2D in GFP-RBM20 RIP RNA from iPS-CM transfected with si276-Ex1 or siScr, analysed with qRT–PCR. Analysis of unrelated GAPDH RNA was included as a negative control. Data are derived from two separate experiments.

Article Snippet: For knockdown experiments, cells were transfected with Silencer Select siRNA (ThermoFisher) directed towards exon 1 (si276-Ex1, #n294437) or exon 12 (si276-Ex12, custom design ID #ABRSBMG) of TTN-AS1-276, towards RBM20 (ENST00000369519.4, #s49081) or with a scrambled negative control siRNA sequence (#4390843).

Techniques: Transfection, Negative Control, Derivative Assay, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Control

Journal: Cancer Cell International

Article Title: Mithramycin targets head and neck cancer stem cells by inhibiting Sp1 and UFMylation

doi: 10.1186/s12935-024-03609-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: The expression of the UFMylation system proteins. We have compared the untreated tumor spheres or tumor spheres treated with poly (I: C) or poly (A: U). UFSP2 expression in Detroit 562 spheres and adherent cells after the treatment with poly (I: C) or poly (A: U) (Fig. 3a). UFSP2 expression in FaDu cells transfected with inducible shRNA for TLR3 treated with poly (I: C) or poly (A: U), and in Detroit 562 cells after transient transfection with TLR3 siRNA and treatment with poly (I: C) or poly (A: U) (Fig. 3b). UFSP2 expression by immunocytochemistry in Detroit 562 adherent cells and tumor spheres (Fig. 3c). DDRGK1 and UFL1 expression in Detroit 562 control adherent cells or tumor spheres after the treatment with poly (I: C) or poly (A: U) (Fig. 3d).* p > 0.05 (compared to adherent cells). UFSP2 expression by immunocytochemistry in Detroit 562 untreated tumor spheres, and spheres treated with poly (I: C), and poly (A: U) (Fig. 3e)

Article Snippet: Double-stranded small interfering RNA (siRNA) for knocking down the endogenous TLR3 (sc-36685), and UFM1 (sc-76804) including scrambled-sequence (control) siRNA (control siRNA-A, sc-37007), were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology.

Techniques: Expressing, Transfection, shRNA, Immunocytochemistry, Control

Journal: Cancer Cell International

Article Title: Mithramycin targets head and neck cancer stem cells by inhibiting Sp1 and UFMylation

doi: 10.1186/s12935-024-03609-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: The UFM1 expression is increased in tumor spheres and associated with their size and stemness. The expression and colocalization of UFM1 in adherent cells and tumor spheres treated with poly (I: C) or poly (A: U); * p > 0.05, ** p > 0.03, ** p > 0.01 (compared to adherent cells) (Fig. 5a). Tumor spheres size in cells transfected with control siRNA and those transfected with UFM1 siRNA; * p > 0,05, ** p > 0,01, *** p > 0,005 (compared to control siRNA) (Fig. 5b). The expression of UFM1 after the siRNA silencing shown by western blot (Fig. 5c). The survival of UFM1-silenced tumor spheres (Fig. 5d). The expression of UFM1, OCT4, CD133, ABCG2, fibronectin, and vimentin after UFM1 silencing shown by qPCR; * p > 0.05, ** p > 0.03, *** p > 0.01, **** p > 0,001 (compared to control siRNA) (Fig. 5e). Immunocytochemistry shows reduced expression of CD133 and ALDH1 after UFM1 silencing; * p > 0.05, ** p > 0.03, *** p > 0.005 (compared to control siRNA) (Fig. 5f). Co-localization of CD133 and ALDH1 with UFM1 in untreated tumor spheres (Fig. 5g)

Article Snippet: Double-stranded small interfering RNA (siRNA) for knocking down the endogenous TLR3 (sc-36685), and UFM1 (sc-76804) including scrambled-sequence (control) siRNA (control siRNA-A, sc-37007), were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology.

Techniques: Expressing, Transfection, Control, Western Blot, Immunocytochemistry